The History of English Landscape Gardening

All landscape gardening essentially makes referencevegetables and pleasure gardens. Lord Cobham, the
to the great English maestro "Capability" Browne's lifeestate owner, was very up-to-date both politically
work. Lancelot "Capability" Brown introduced a styleand socially and encouraged the introduction of all the
of gardening in the 1750's which became known aslatest techniques. Top names such as Vanbrugh,
"serpentine" gardens. Perhaps the best knownBridgeman and William Kent had contributed to work
example of this style is Hyde Park, in London,on the grounds. Their influence was classical and they
England, which although not actually designed bytended to include follies, or sham ruins and attempted
Capability Brown, was certainly influenced by histo perfect nature. Large-scale landscaping was
work. As the style caught on, it began to be knownintroduced, using water, trees and mossy caverns, to
as "English Landscape Gardening", which in one formcreate a classical but natural effect.
or another came to influence the grounds of everyLancelot, undoubtedly influenced by this trend,
stately home in Britain.moved it into another dimension by increasing the
Capability Brown's basic philosophy was that a parkscale and taking the whole estate as a theme. The
or estate should be a heightened reflection of thegrounds became huge woods and lakes, more rivers
glories of nature. Plants and lawns should be arrangedwere introduced and spectacular views brought right
in a harmonious, natural setting. This was in directup to the doorstep of his client. Clever use of
opposition to the French style of garden, such as atproportions and enhanced perspective gave the
Versailles, which aims to trammel nature into formal,effect of rolling hills falling away from the main
abstract - and for Capability Brown ultimately sterile -buildings.
formations.This was a revolutionary approach and contrasted
The great master's influence is still strong today. Thestrongly with other styles of gardening of the times.
ideal of a garden is to bring out the best in natureItalian Renaissance, Tudor knot gardens and the
and give it an idealised setting to shine. TheFrench and Dutch influences, with formal fountains
"serpentine" which tended to form the backbone ofand canals, and constrained-looking, clipped
the garden is a winding or naturally formed body ofevergreens and concentric circles, aimed to dominate
water or lawns. In Hyde Park, the artificial lake isnature, instead of working with it. You can visit for
actually called The Serpentine. Lancelot was born andmore information about garden landscaping.
grew up in Northumberland, in a labouring family, andThe ideals which Lancelot spent a lifetime developing
his first work was as a gardener of an estate, wherehave stayed with us until modern times. His influence
he was in charge of vegetables. This proved to behas been so profound that his harmonious ideals are
an invaluable early education into plants and how toto this day those which the makers of gardens, no
take care of them.matter how big or small, adhere to. On a smaller
In 1739 he moved to an estate in Walton, where hescale, the owner of any garden or plot of land can
caught the eye of the owner of Stowe Park, intake his basic tenets to create a harmonious space in
Buckinghamshire, one of the country's great estates.which to relax and feel part of nature.
Here he learned the art of growing exotic fruit and